> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://mmems.gitbook.io/calepin/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://mmems.gitbook.io/calepin/formats-encoding-and-protocols/mjpeg/mjpeg.md).

# MJPEG

Sometimes called MJPG.

Demo RTP streams:

* <http://173.14.66.201/anony/mjpg.cgi> Northgate Launder Land
* list [TTrix](http://www.ttrix.com/apple/iphone/ipvision/ipvisionpubcameras.html)
* <http://cam.butovonet.ru/mjpg/video.mjpg>
* <http://user:allesfrisch.99@62.68.193.82:8002/mjpg/video.mjpg>
* <http://gccvideo.dynalias.com/mjpg/video.mjpg?camera=1>
* <http://80.32.204.149:8080/mjpg/video.mjpg?camera=1>
* <http://195.67.26.73/mjpg/video.mjpg?camera=1>
* <http://96.10.1.168/view/view.shtml?id=1149614\\&imagepath=%2Fmjpg%2F1%2Fvideo.mjpg\\&size=1>

Used by IP cameras, Digital cameras

* [Is the 1Dx mkII MJEPG \<b>bad codec? | Pixla's blog](http://pixla.ch/blog/files/canonmjpeg422codec.php)

File storage:

No official container. Non official can be AVI or MOV based where frame data is a JPEG file Each frames start with 0xffd8ff (JPEG magick number)

> A single frame of MJPEG video may or may not contain the associated JPEG Huffman tables. For QuickTime formats, Apple has defined two types of coding: MJPEG-A and MJPEG-B. MJPEG-B no longer retains valid JPEG Interchange Files An other way is to store as HTTP stream without first headers (before first boundary) see <https://github.com/waveform80/picamera/issues/335> An other way is to store all JPEG frames concatenated in one file

HTTP stream (multipart message):

```
Content-Type: multipart/x-mixed-replace;boundary=xxboundaryxx

--xxboundaryxx

Content-Type: image/jpeg
Content-Length: 1000

JIFFdata..frame1.1000

--xxboundaryxx

Content-Type: image/jpeg
Content-Length: 1000

JIFFdata..frame2.1000

--xxboundaryxx
```

Additional headers can be used to discard browser cache:

```
Connection: keep-alive
Cache-Control: no-cache, no-store, must-revalidate
Pragma: no-cache
Expires: 0
```

* [RFC 2435 - RTP Payload Format for JPEG-compressed Video](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2435)
* [Motion JPEG — Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motion_JPEG)
* [actionscript 3 - What is the specifications for Motion JPEG? - Stack Overflow](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/885160/what-is-the-specifications-for-motion-jpeg)
* [Development and Implementation of an MotionJPEG Capable JPEG Decoder in Hardware - websvn,filedetails](http://opencores.org/websvn,filedetails?repname=mjpeg-decoder\&path=%2Fmjpeg-decoder%2Ftrunk%2Fmjpeg.pdf#page=43)
* <https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=308999>
* [How To Convert MJPEG Compressor IMediaSamples To .JPG ??](https://social.msdn.microsoft.com/Forums/windowsdesktop/en-US/f606b498-f6f1-4565-91b2-d623350f364d/how-to-convert-mjpeg-compressor-imediasamples-to-jpg-)
* [MJPEG (Motion JPEG) Video Codec](http://www.digitalpreservation.gov/formats/fdd/fdd000063.shtml)
* [Motion JPEG File Format](http://forums.codeguru.com/showthread.php?173230-Motion-JPEG-File-Format)
* [Photo JPEG vs Motion JPEG A vs Motion JPEG B](http://lists.apple.com/archives/quicktime-talk/2000/Nov/msg00269.html)
* [JPEG image compression FAQ, part 1/2Section - \[20\] Isn't there an M-JPEG standard for motion pictures?](http://www.faqs.org/faqs/jpeg-faq/part1/section-20.html)
* "An MJPEG variant with data rearranged in a slightly unusual manner \[...] used by the software for Aiptek MegaCam" <https://wiki.multimedia.cx/index.php?title=Sunplus\\_JPEG>
* [Motion JPEG - MultimediaWiki](https://wiki.multimedia.cx/index.php/Motion_JPEG)

See also

* [Motion JPEG 2000 — Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motion_JPEG_2000)
* [AMV video format — Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMV_video_format)

Tools and libs

* `ffmpeg` with `-f mjpeg` or `-vcodec mjpeg` `ffmpeg -i in.avi -y out.mjpeg` `ffmpeg -i mjpegvideo.avi -vcodec copy frame%d.jpg`
* [MJPEG Tools](http://mjpeg.sourceforge.net/)
* [MJPG-streamer download | SourceForge.net](https://sourceforge.net/projects/mjpg-streamer/) see <https://sourceforge.net/p/mjpg-streamer/code/HEAD/tree/mjpg-streamer/plugins/output\\_http/httpd.c>
* [This jQuery plugin provides a simple player for MJPEG ("motion JPEG") videos](https://github.com/clipchamp/jquery-clipchamp-mjpeg-player-plugin)
* <http://ushiroad.com/mjpeg/js/lib/mjbuilder.js>

From VLC sources:

* `VLC_CODEC_MJPG` and `MFVideoFormat_MJPG`
* <https://github.com/videolan/vlc/blob/fbaa27ae2d7fcf5ccee7f0ca424ec0cc5bf01f4c/modules/access/v4l2/linux/videodev2.h#L580>
* <https://github.com/videolan/vlc/blob/fbaa27ae2d7fcf5ccee7f0ca424ec0cc5bf01f4c/modules/demux/mjpeg.c>
* <https://github.com/videolan/vlc/blob/fbaa27ae2d7fcf5ccee7f0ca424ec0cc5bf01f4c/modules/mux/mpjpeg.c>
* <https://github.com/videolan/vlc/blob/7f4fa0414e6421fef7ac884f7a28ef0bbc03e956/modules/demux/mkv/matroska\\_segment\\_parse.cpp#L1421-L1423>
* <https://github.com/videolan/vlc/blob/46b6e7af7640bc827a37c482948cf8de7034b57c/modules/mux/mp4/libmp4mux.c#L1116>
* <https://github.com/videolan/vlc/blob/fb9ba9cbb37a56b7e4ee401d50380cfb3d6dca2e/modules/demux/mp4/essetup.c#L531-L533>
* <https://github.com/videolan/vlc/blob/fbaa27ae2d7fcf5ccee7f0ca424ec0cc5bf01f4c/modules/mux/ogg.c#L396>
* <https://github.com/videolan/vlc/blob/df5663381bb7b54dc1b6b4e38d541f246de9ba45/modules/access/live555.cpp#L1074-L1077>

From ffmpeg sources:

* <https://github.com/FFmpeg/FFmpeg/blob/c493a531edfd7b6956c563e19eb3a851b76797de/doc/bitstream\\_filters.texi#L129-L170>
* <https://github.com/FFmpeg/FFmpeg/tree/415f907ce8dcca87c9e7cfdc954b92df399d3d80/libavcodec/mjpeg\\>\*
* <https://github.com/FFmpeg/FFmpeg/blob/415f907ce8dcca87c9e7cfdc954b92df399d3d80/libavcodec/vaapi\\_encode\\_mjpeg.c>
* <https://github.com/FFmpeg/FFmpeg/blob/415f907ce8dcca87c9e7cfdc954b92df399d3d80/libavcodec/jpegtables.c>
* <https://github.com/FFmpeg/FFmpeg/blob/415f907ce8dcca87c9e7cfdc954b92df399d3d80/libavcodec/sp5xdec.c>
* <https://github.com/FFmpeg/FFmpeg/blob/415f907ce8dcca87c9e7cfdc954b92df399d3d80/libavformat/rtpenc\\_jpeg.c>
* <https://github.com/FFmpeg/FFmpeg/blob/415f907ce8dcca87c9e7cfdc954b92df399d3d80/libavformat/ingenientdec.c>
* <https://github.com/FFmpeg/FFmpeg/blob/415f907ce8dcca87c9e7cfdc954b92df399d3d80/libavcodec/ljpegenc.c>
* <https://github.com/FFmpeg/FFmpeg/blob/415f907ce8dcca87c9e7cfdc954b92df399d3d80/libavformat/rawdec.c#L125-L190>
* <https://github.com/FFmpeg/FFmpeg/blob/415f907ce8dcca87c9e7cfdc954b92df399d3d80/libavformat/rtpdec\\_jpeg.c>
* <https://github.com/FFmpeg/FFmpeg/blob/6d09d6edbc464454a620e3ecf64fe752b5cfa9cc/libavformat/riff.c#L180-L212>
* <https://github.com/FFmpeg/FFmpeg/blob/415f907ce8dcca87c9e7cfdc954b92df399d3d80/libavformat/smjpeg.c>
* <https://github.com/FFmpeg/FFmpeg/blob/2343f23e4d7e0d0f6adfd83d7d769a7a115dbd17/libavformat/matroska.c#L79>
* <https://github.com/FFmpeg/FFmpeg/blob/415f907ce8dcca87c9e7cfdc954b92df399d3d80/libavformat/swfenc.c#L214>
* <https://github.com/FFmpeg/FFmpeg/blob/415f907ce8dcca87c9e7cfdc954b92df399d3d80/libavformat/rtp.c#L61>
* <https://github.com/FFmpeg/FFmpeg/blob/415f907ce8dcca87c9e7cfdc954b92df399d3d80/libavdevice/vfwcap.c#L87-L90>
* <https://github.com/FFmpeg/FFmpeg/blob/73651090ca1183f37753ee30a7e206ca4fb9f4f0/libavcodec/codec\\_desc.c#L86-L100>


---

# Agent Instructions
This documentation is published with GitBook. GitBook is the documentation platform designed so that both humans and AI agents can read, navigate, and reason over technical content effectively. Learn more at gitbook.com.

## Querying This Documentation
If you need additional information that is not directly available in this page, you can query the documentation dynamically by asking a question.

Perform an HTTP GET request on the current page URL with the `ask` query parameter:

```
GET https://mmems.gitbook.io/calepin/formats-encoding-and-protocols/mjpeg/mjpeg.md?ask=<question>
```

The question should be specific, self-contained, and written in natural language.
The response will contain a direct answer to the question and relevant excerpts and sources from the documentation.

Use this mechanism when the answer is not explicitly present in the current page, you need clarification or additional context, or you want to retrieve related documentation sections.