htaccess

-.htaccess Snippets phanan/htaccess

  • https://github.com/h5bp/html5-boilerplate/blob/master/dist/.htaccess

See also Pre compress assets, GZip - Deflate

Authorized access

Require all granted

Module identifier

Smart serve image formats

Note: It's not recommended to use that way but <picture>: The Picture element - HTML: Hypertext Markup Language | MDN.

# Check if Accept header is image/webp, if an image is requested in "classic" folder with a classic format, and check if the corresponding webp image exists. If yes, rewrite the requested classic image URI to the WebP image URI.
RewriteCond %{HTTP_ACCEPT} image/webp
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} (.*)images/classic/(.*)\.(png|jpg|gif)$
RewriteCond %1images/webp/%2\.webp -f
RewriteRule .* images/webp/%2.webp [L]

Auto compress

For PHP, which return text/html it handled with AddOutputFilterByType

An other version:

Content handling

Media type

Use header Content-type

See also Media type

Documentation and editors

http://www.htaccesseditor.com/en.shtml http://www.thejackol.com/htaccess-cheatsheet/ http://alexking.org/blog/2007/08/30/friendly-search-urls http://www.webrankinfo.com/analyses/autres/url-rewriting-debutants.php http://www.sitepoint.com/article/guide-url-rewriting/4

http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.0/mod/mod_rewrite.html

HSTS

And redirect HTTP to HTTPS

See HSTS

You should add a mecanism to redirect HTTP to HTTPS too. It's adviced to use VirtualHost:

CORS

Rewrite / redirect

From Symfony https://github.com/symfony/symfony-standard/blob/master/web/.htaccess, see also .htaccess - What Double Colon does in RewriteCond? - Stack Overflow:

and use Base

Cookies

Set cookie

Get cookie

Rewirte base on cookie

Redirect if cookie not set

Environnement variables

Pass variable to script

Pass env variable to PHP, should start with HTTP_, eg. $_SERVER['HTTP_MY_VARIABLE']:

Or use query param

Echo all header back

Caching

ETag removal

  • https://gist.github.com/FlorianKromer/aa08762387183404a506#file-htaccess-L180-L241

Serve pre-encoded resources

Aka serve precompressed files

This limitation of mod_deflate is prominently mentioned in the documentation, which recommends using mod_rewrite to rewrite requests to their compressed alternatives when appropriate. Although this method can work [...] it has the major drawback that you are reimplementing content negotiation (which mod_negotiation was designed to do) and are likely to get it wrong and lack features supported by mod_negotiation. Some common problems and pitfalls with this approach:

  • Sending an incorrect or missing Content-Encoding header.

  • Not sending the Vary header or setting it incorrectly (overwriting previous values for other headers which cause the response to vary).

  • Sending Content-Type: application/x-gzip instead of the underlying type.

  • Sending double-gzipped content due to forgetting to set no-gzip in the environment to exclude the response from mod_deflate.

  • Not respecting client preferences (i.e. quality values/qvalues). According to RFC 7231 (and RFC 2616 before it) clients can send a numeric value between 0 and 1 (inclusive) to express their relative preference for each encoding. An Accept-Encoding: gzip;q=0 header would signify that the client wants “anything but gzip”. Most mod_rewrite implementations would send them gzip. A more realistic example would be a client that sends Accept-Encoding: br;q=1, gzip;q=0.5, deflate;q=0.1 to signify that they prefer Brotli, then gzip, then deflate. Writing mod_rewrite rules which properly handle these sorts of expressed preferences is extremely difficult.

  • Serving Pre-Compressed Files with Apache MultiViews - Kevin Locke's Homepage

Serve pre-encoded resources with mod_rewrite

Serve pre-encoded resources with MultiViews

To handle content encoding.

MultiViews allow to list all files (recognized by mod_mime) in the same folder for the given name:

You need to restrict content negotiation by include directives in a <Directory>, <Files> or .htaccess for a subset of directories, file types.

The major drawback, only requests for files which do not exist are negotiated. That means you need to rename uncompressed files for an additional extension (ex: index.html.html and index.html.gz for https://example.com/index.html) which is not pratical.

Precompressed files and type maps

Exemple, for test.html test.html.gz and test.html.br, create a file test.var, for a request /test

Variables

.htaccess:

index.php:

Other

From drupal:

Special chars with RewriteRule

Ex: a file or folder named tést $a? (te%CC%81st%20%24a%3F) is translated internaly to te\xcc\x81st $a (discarding handling ?)

Potential solution: use flag B or double URL encoding ?

Bots

Or

Or use robot.txt

To get the list: add a honeypot URL, or use wp-login if it's a Wordpress website (but it will including you and others humans admin/users)

  • https://github.com/serbanghita/Mobile-Detect/blob/c08a459521496f2925c3dcb186a910f5b8d7e336/Mobile_Detect.php#L554

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